A) Federalism: more than one government, Central govt, state govt, Panchayat raj (3 tier system)
B) Parliamentary form of government: universal adult suffrage, representatives are elected by the people.
C) Separation of powers: 3 parts viz., the legislature (representatives), judiciary (courts), and executive (implementers of law)
D) Fundamental rights: referred to as the conscience of the Indian constitution, they are six in number viz., right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, and cultural and educational rights. This is the main part of the constitution which is safeguarding each and every citizen of our country. Other main sections are fundamental duties and the directive principle of state policy (DPSP).
E) Secularism: all religions are the same and have equal rights there is no religion as a state religion.
Noted based NCERT notes on standard Social Science